Which fallacy includes making an assertion based on ignorance?

The fallacy that involves making an assertion based on ignorance is aptly identified as the one that revolves around the phrase "argument from ignorance." This type of reasoning suggests that a claim is true simply because it has not been proven false, or conversely, that a claim is false because it has not been proven true. It relies on a lack of evidence for the opposite position rather than presenting substantial proof for the assertion being made.

In this context, option C captures the essence of this reasoning flaw by explicitly linking the fallacy to ignorance, emphasizing that the absence of evidence is improperly equated with a definitive conclusion. This is a common error in reasoning, often utilized in debates or discussions where one side might assert that their stance is correct purely on the grounds that no one has conclusively demonstrated it to be incorrect.

By understanding this fallacy, individuals can better evaluate arguments and recognize when claims are being made without sufficient backing, leading to clearer critical thinking and more robust debates.